Fabric for tires.



L. 1. CAMPBELL.

FABRIC FOR URES. APPLICATION FILED MAY 25. 19M.

Patented Dec. 12, R 16.

2 S'HEETSSHEET I.

I peZZ L. J. CAMPBELL.

FABRIC FOR TIRES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 25. 1914.

Patented Dec. 12, 1916.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

j Lean J Campbell LEUN JAY CAMPBELL,

OF CHICAGO, ILLINQIS.

FABRIC FOR TIRES.

Application filed May 25, 191%.

This invention relates to a fabric moreparticularly designed for use inthe manufacture of cushion and pneumatic tires and adapted to beinterposed between the rubber tread and inner lining of said tires forsecurely anchoring the rubber tread to said lining and preventing saidtread from being stripped therefrom in the travel of the tire over theroadway.

ln tires of the type referred to, the rubber treads are usually joinedor united with the fabric lining by cement or the like. Such tires arecalled upon. to support exceedingly heavy loads and the rubber treadsthereof are subjected not only to the propelling strains but also tosevere flexing strains in the use of said tires. Undersuoh strains thetreads flex in all directions and pull away or separate from the innerlining and as a consequence becomes stripped from the said lining in theuse of the tire.

The fabric embodying the features of my invention is designed to beinterposed between the inner canvasaensing or lining nd the rubber treadof a tire. Said fabric secured to the lining and said rubber tread isunited to the fabric, the fabric, therefore, serving to connect thetread with the lining.

The tread is permitted to yield in all directions under the propellingand flexing strains without affecting the connection of the tread with,the fabric and therefore without affecting the connection of the fabricwith the canvas lining. Said fabric prevents the tread and lining fromseparating and thereby prevents the tread from being.

stripped from said lining in the travel of the tire over the roadway. Inits general features, said fabric is composed of a plurality oflaterally spaced longitudinal stout threads having therebetween a set orplurality of longitudinal or warp threads smaller than the stout threadsand the Warp threads having interwoven therewith a set Specification ofLetters Patent.

cent cross thread, so

Patented Dec. is, rare. Serial No. 840,677.

or plurality of cross or woof threads; said warp and woof threadsforming the body of the fabric. Each of the cross threads is providedwith a series of loops raised above the body of the fabric and extendingbetween two adjacent stout threads. Each loop extends between at leasttwo stout threads and is above and out of contact with the warp threadsbetween said stout threads. The portions of the cross threads at theends of each loop are interwoven with the warp threads on each side ofthe stout threads between which said loops extend. The warp threadsbelow each loop have interwoven therewith a portion of an adjaas to formthe body of the fabric below each loop. The loops of each cross threadextend over and between the same stout threads and said loops, togetherwith said stout threads and the threads of the fabric therebelow formopen ended channels adapted to receive fillings of rubber. The manner inwhich the used will hereinafter be described.

The invention consists further in the matters hereinafter described andmore particu larly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a top plan view on anexaggerated scale of a portion of the fabric woven in accordance with myinvention; Fig. 2 is an edge view on a like scale of the fabric shown inFig. 1; Fig. 3 is a similar view of the fabric and showing the rubberfiller strips located in the channels formed by the loops or raisedortions of cross threads and the rubber which forms the tread of thetire in position before rubber filler and tread strips are united byvulcanizing; Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on line of Fig. 1 andshowing the fabric embedded in the rubber after the tread and fillerstrips are unites, Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line5-5 of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view of an outer casing ofa pneumatic tire showing a fabric embodying the features of my inventionapplied as a breaker strip and interposed between and se-' curing therubber tread to'the fabric lining of said tire casing; and Fig. 7 is asectional view taken on the curved line 7-7 of Fig. 6.

Referring to the drawings, Fig, 1 illus* trates on an exaggerated scalea portion of a fabric woven in accordance with my invention. As shown,said fabric A is composed of a plurality of parallel laterally separatedlongitudinal stout threads 10, 11,

"form the body of the fabric are a plurality of parallel cross or woofthreads 15, 16, 17

' the latter being also interwoven with the .15 3 to be described, so asto secure said stout threads to the body of the fabric.

said stout threads'in the manner presently Said stout threads beingthicker than the other threads,said stout threads project above theplane of the body of the fabric. The cross or woof threads'areinterwoven in the following manner: The cross thread extends the fullwidth of the body of the fabric and that portion a'thereof constitutesin efiect a loop extending between the stout thread 10 and the one tothe left thereof. Said loop a extends above and across all of the warpthreads 14,14 between the stout threads just mentioned. The space formedbetween the loopa. and-the body of the fab-.

ric therebelow'is adapted 'to'receive a rubv ber filler to behereinafter referred to. One

. stout threads 11 and 12.

end of said loop 00' passes from over the top of said stout thread 10down andaround the right side tliereof and under thewarp thread 14immediately to the right ofsaid stout thread 10 and continues into aportion 1) extending between and below the tops of the next two stoutthreads 11, 12. Said portion 6 is interwoven with the longitudinalorwarp threads 10, 14, 14 between said Said portion Z) passes. under thesaid stout thread 11, as

".tion of the cross thread 15 forms another shown. The cross thread 15then extends upwardly from under the warp thread 14 immediately to theleft of the stout thread 12 and passes over said stout thread 12 andextends between the latter and the stout thread 13 to the right thereof.This porloop 0 and" said loco c is above and extends across all of thewrp threads 14, 14 between the stout threads 12 and 13. As in the caseof the loop a, the loop 0 forms a space between the same and the body ofthe fabric therebelow. One end of said loop 0 passes down and about thestout thread 13 to the right thereof and under the warp thread 14immediately to the right of said stout thread 13. The remaining portiond of said cross thread is interwoven with the remaining warp threadsbetween the two stout threads to the right of the said stout thread 13as in the case of the portion 6 above described. The cross thread 15 isthus interwoven throughout the width of the fabric and has a loopportion raised above the body of the fabric between every three stoutthreads. The next cross or woof thread 16 has a portion 0 thereofinterwoven with those warp threads 14, 14 between the two stout threadsto the left of the said thread 10. Said portion 0 is interwoven withthose warp threads 14, 14 over which the loop tr of said cross thread 15extends. Said cross thread 16 extends upwardly from under the warpthread 14 immediately to the left of the stout thread 10' and thenpasses in the form of a loop f over and between the stout threads 10 and11. Said loop f extends across and above all of the warp threads 14, 14between said stout threads 10 and 11 with the portion 7) of said crossthread 15 interwoven with the warp threads therebelow. Said loop orraised portion f passes over the top of the stout thread 11, downwardlyand under the warp thread 14 immediately to the right thereof. and isinterwoven with the warp threads 14, 14 between said stout thread 11 andthe two stout threads 12, 13 to the right of said stout thread 11. Suchportion of said cross thread 16 is indicated by 5/ and the same passesunder the stout thread 12 and is interwoven ,with the warp threadsacross which the loop 0 of the cross thread 15extends. Said portion 9'passes upwardly from under the warp thread 14 .imi'nediately to the leftof the stout thread 13, over the top of the same, and extends in theform of a loop it between said stout thread 13 and the one to the rightthereof. Said loop it extends over and across all of the warp threads14, 14 between the stout thread 13 and the one to the right thereof andwith which the portion (l of said cross thread 15 is interwoven. Thenext cross thread 17 also extends the full width of the fabric and itsportion interwoven with the warp threads 14, 14 between the stout threa10 and the one to the left thereof and alt! with the warp threads 14, 14between the stout threads 10 and 11. Said portion is thus interwovenwith the warp threads across which the loop f of the cross thread 16extends.

The portion Z) of the cross thread 15 and the portion of the crossthread 17 are interwoven with the warp threads between the stout threads10, 11 and such portionstogether with said warp threads form the body ofthe fabric below said loop 7 of the cross thread 16. Such portionextends upwardly from under the warp thread 14 immediately to the leftof the stout thread 11, over the top of the latter and forms a loop orraised portion is which extends bet vet-* the stout threads 11 and 12and over and across all of the warp threads between said stout threads11, 12. The portions 1) and the said stout threads.

memes immediately-to the ri'ght thereof and con tinues into the portionl which is interwoven with th'e warp threads 14, 14 between 12 and 13and the stout thread immediately tothe right thereof. As shown, saidportionl passes under the stout thread 13. The portion Z and saidportion 9 of saidcross thread 16 forn1 with the warp threads 14,11 4between said stout threads 12, 13, the body'of the fabric below saidloop 0 of saidcross thread 15. The next cross threadis interwoven withthe warp and stout threadsinthe same manner as the cross thread .15, andthe next two cross threads-follow the same path as the two cross threads16 and 17. In other words, every third cross. thread follows the samepath. a I 1 From" the above it will be clearthat the a set of crossthreadsflare arranged in series,

a so

each series comprising three cross threads 15,16, 1.7, respectively, andeach thread of each seriesis interwoven in the same manner as thecorresponding thread in each series. Each cross thread longitudinal orwarp threads 14, 14 between each three consecutive stout threads to formwith the warp threads between said three stout threadsthe body of thefabric. Each cross thread has a loop or raised portion above the body ofthe fabric and extending between two stoutthreads. The body of thefabric below each loop is formed by portions of two'adjacent crossthreads being interwoven with the warp threads over which said loopextends. The loops are out of contact with the warp and interwovenportions of the adjacent two cross threads and each set of loops betweeneach two stout threads form a channel into WillCll is adapted to beinsertedrubber fillers in the form of blocks, strips, or layers in themanufacture of the tire. For instance, the loop 0 of every cross thread15 extends between the two stout threads 12, 13 and over and out ofcontact with the warp threads 14, 14- between said stout threads and theportions g, Z of the other two adjacent cross threads, are interwovenwith said warp threads and form therewith the body of the fabric belowsaid series of loops 0. The same is true of the other series of loops ofeach cross thread. The'fabric is-woven with; the cross and warp threadsclose together or in contact with each other and the body of-the fabricis in,

[sheet a layer of loops above the body of the is interwoven with thefabric with a series of longitudinal channels B, B below said loops andbetween the stout The loops passing over the stout threads. threads, thelatter serve to hold the loops above the bodyof the fabric. At the sidesof the fabric the ends of the threads are joined so that said warpthreads may be made of one continuous thread. The same is also true "Ifsaid stout threads. The loops being separated by the cross threadstherebelow, said loops. are separated laterally, as shown in Fig. 7.

The fabric woven in the manner as above described and. shown in thedrawings is used in the manufacture of tires in the following alternatewa rp portions of the,

manner: In each channel 13, B is inserted a rubber filler block or strip18. Said rubber filler blocl: 18 sions as to substantially fill thechannel B, B into which it is inserted... The loops at, f, l6, 0, 72.extend across said rubber filler blocks is of such dimen- 18, 18 abovethe same and said blocks are.

supported by the fabric body below said loops. A sheet of rubber 19 ofsuch length and thickness as to form the tread of the tire is placedflatwise uponthe loops, as shown in dig. 3. Said tread sheet 19 issupported above the body of the fabric by the stout threads and loops,the latter being interposed between the tread strip 19 and the fillerblocks 18, 18 and extending len'gtlr wise of said tread strip. Thefabric and rubber parts 18, 19 are then subjected to a sufficient heatto vulcanize the rubber and cause the rubber tread 19 and the rubberfillers 18, 18 to unite as one and envelop the loops, as shown in Figs.4 and 5. The-filler blocks soften and completely fill the channels B, Band envelop the state threads.

The rubber also fills the interstices between.

the interwoven cross and warp threads of the body of the fabric and thelatter becomes in effect embedded in the rubber tread of the tire withthe outer surface of the fabric body forming the inner bearing surfaceof the rubber tread. The stout threads project above the body of thefabric, as hereinbefore stated, and form in effect oppositely facingshoulders at each side of the channels B, B. The portions of the rubbertread in said channels abut against said shoulders and the latter serveto prevent lateral shifting of the tread under the trans.- verse strainsto which the tread is subjected in its travel over the roadway. Portionsof i (See Fig. 3.

ion

' nection of the fabric with the tire lining is flexing and propellingstrains of-the threads being embedded in the rubber tread and extendingtherethrough, as

shown, serve to hold the tread to the fabric and prevent the tread frombeing pulled away from said fabric. Before vulcanizing the rubber, thefabric is united to the upper or outer surface of the inner canvascasing or lining of a tire with the loops uppermost. The rubber tonguesC, C permit the body of the tread to'yield in all directions withoutaffecting the connection of the tread with said fabric due to the factthat the yielding thus takes place above the body of the fabric which issecured to the inner canvas layer forming the lining of the tire. Bypermitting the tread to yield in ,all direc tions above the body of thefabric the conrelieved of strains, and it follows that said tread doesnot become separated from the lining and become stripped from the tire,-as is the case of tires wherein the tread is cemented to the lining. Thetread being secured to" the inner canvas casing or lining by saidfabricA, said tread is anchored to the canvas casing and .separation ofthe tread and casing or lining under the severe to' which the tread issubjected in the travel of the tire over the roadway,'is prevented. Theloops of the cross threads in addition to performthe function stated,also serve to resist ing degree of flexing of the rubber tongues thetread in the channels B, B of strains.

In Fig. 5 I have shown my improved fabric applied to the outer casing ofa pneumatic tire 20. Said fabric is interposed between the rubber tread21 and the inner can-' vas casing or lining 22 for securing the tread tosaid lining. As is usual in tire casings of this character, the lining22 com prises a plurality of united superposed layers of canvas or thelike, the lateral ma r ginal portions of which envelop or inclose themetal or like clencher core pieces 23, 23. My fabric, woven as abovedescribed and shown before beingapplied to the tire, is cut on the biasand to such width as to cover substantially the tread portion of theinner canvas casing 22. Saidfabric is seof the tire.

cured to said casing 22' by cement or otherwise before the rubber tread21 is applied thereto. Rubber strips or filler blocks 18, 18 are theninserted in the channels B, B in the manner above described, and therubber tread-'21 is placed over the fabric and blocks 18, 18' and unitedto the latter by vulcanizing such parts. The tread 21 and rubber fillerblocks unite "nd form the tread M fabric is thus embedded in said tread.aid fabric permanently seand stripping of the tread from the lining. is

C and thus relieve the portions of the- 4 ing 22, and

. woven, yet it is to be prevented. My fabric is shown in said Fig.

5 as a breaker strip, but it is, of course, understood that the same maybe cut to such width as to completely surround the canvas lining 22 andscenic all portions of the rubber tread tosaid lining. When the fabricisemployed as a breaker strip, as shown in Fig. 5 the portions of thetread 21 on opposite sides of said'breaker strip are connected to thebearing surface of the lining 22 on opposite sides of said breakerstrip. By securing the'rubber tread 21 to the lining or canvas casing 22by means of my fabric, said tread 21 is permanently secured to thelining and preventedfrom being stripped from the lining in the travel ofthe tire over the roadway. The tongues of rubber C, C between the loopsunite the rubber tread 21 and rubber blocks 18, 18 in the channels andpermit the tread to yield in all directions under the strains to whichthe same is subjected without affecting the connection of the fabricwith the lining 22. The fabric being cut on the bias, the same may becurved to conform to the transverse contour of the tire without bulgingat any oint in its length or width. Moreover, the fiibric being cut onthe bias, the stout and longitudinal threads extend diagonally acrossthe tire in one direction. As such threads are secured to the canvaslining at each side of the fabric, should one thread break, the otherthreads crossing the same will hold. In Fig. 7 is shown, on a slightlyexaggerated scale, the positions of the threads when the fabric is cuton the bias and applied to the tire.

An ad antage gained in securing the rubber tread to the inner canvaslayers by means of fabric woven as above described resides in the factthat the rubber tread may yield in all directions under the severeflexand propelling, without effecting or causing any material-strain cpull to be exerted on the points of connection of the rubber tread withthe canvas layers of the tire and thereby preventing the separation ofthe tread from said canvas layers. Moreover, by IGZIJLOH of the stoutthreads and loops, the outer surface of the fabric is in effect brokenor corrugated and the holding surface of the same is increased.Furthermore, the ends of eachloop being interwoven with a pluralityofwa-rp threads, the cross thread is securel held in the body of thefabric and should any one loop break such broken thread will not bepulled out from the fabric body. The loops. of the other cross threadswill efiiciently serve their purpose notwithstanding the fact that onecross thread has broken.

Although I have shown and described one specific way in which my fabricmay be understood that the manner in which the threads are threadstherebetween;

interwovenmay be variously changed and modified without departing fromthe spirit or scope of my invention, and I do" not wish to be limited tothe exact details of the weave of the fabric, except as pointed out inthe appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. A fabric, comprising a body composed of laterally spaced, relativelystout threads, and interwoven warp and woof threads, said woof threadshaving loops, each extending between said stout threads and over and outof contact with the body of the fabric be: tween said stout threads;woof threads at the extremities of each loop being interwoven with theWarp threads, and said loops forming with the body of the fabric achannel adapted to receive a layer of rubber or the like ,2. A fabric,comprising a body composed of a plurality of laterally spaced relativelystout threads, aplurality of warp threads located between said stoutthreads, and a plurality of woof threads interwoven with said warpthreads; said woof threads having loops each extending over and betweensaid stout threads and out of contact with those interwoven warp andwoof threads betweensaid stout threads.

3. A fabric, of two laterally spaced relatively stout threads, aplurality of warp threads parallel to and arranged between and onopposite sides of said stout threads and a plurality of'woof threadsinterwoven with said warp threads; one of sald woof threads having aloop extending between and over said stout threads and out of contactwith the warp the portions of said woof thread at the opposite sides ofsaid loop being interwoven with the warp threads on opposite sides ofsaid stout threads, and another of said woof threads being interwovenwith the warp threads between said stout threads.

4. A fabric, comprising a body composed of laterally spaced relativelystout threads, a set of warp threads and a set of woof threadsinterwoven with said set of warp threads; the threads of one set havingloops each extending between and over the stout threads and out ofcontact with the interwoven warp and woof threads therebetween.

5. A fabric, comprising a body composed of a plurality of relativelystout threads, a set of warp threads and a set of woof threadsinterwoven with said set of warp threads; the threads of one set beingarranged between said stout threads and the threads of the other sethaving loo s each extending "each of the threadsprovided with said theportions of the com risin a bod com osed.

between and over said stout threads and out of contact with theinterwoven warp and woof threads' between said stout threads; loopshavinga portion extending under at least one stout thread.

6. A fabric for tires, comprising a body composed of a set of warpthreads, a set of woof threads interwoven with said set of warp threadsand a plurality of relatively stout threads, spaced apart and projectingabove the body of said fabric; the threads of one set having loops, eachext'ending over and between contact with the interwoven warp and Woofthreads between said stout threads; said loops forming with said stoutthreads and body of the fabric a channel adapted to receive layers ofrubber or the like.

7; A fabric for tires, comprising a body composed of interwoven warp andwoof threads and relatively stout threads, spaced apart and projectingabove. the body of the fabric; said fabric being provided With loopsextending above the body thereof, and forming with the body of saidfabric channels adapted to receive layers of rubber or the like; theopposite extremities of said loops being interwoven with the body ofsaid fabric.

8. A fabric for tires, comprising a body composed of a set of warpthreads and a set of woof threads interwoven with said set. of warpthreads; the threads of one set having loops, each extending across andout of contact with a thread of the other set, said loops being arrangedin rows and the loops of each row being laterally spaced apart, saidloops forming with the body of the fabric therebelow a channel adaptedto re cei've a. layer or strip of rubber.

9. A fabric for tires, comprising an upper layer and a lower. layer, thelatter being formed of interwoven warp and woof threads, the upper layerconsisting of a plurality of rows of loops formed of portions of thethreads in the lower layer, said row of loops being separated byrelatively stout threads forming with said loops and the interwovenportions of the lower layer therebelow channels adapted to receivelayers of rubber or the like.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I aiiix mysignature in the presence of two witnesses, this 19th day of May A. D.1914,.

. LEON JAY CAMPBELL.

Witnesses:

MAURICE HERMAn, EUGENE C. VVANN.

said stout threads, and out of

